A.
one small nut is tightened over main nut and main nut tightened against smaller one by loosening, creating friction jamming{
B.
a slot is cut partly in middle of nut and then slot reduced by tightening a screwQ
C.
hard fiber or nylon cotter is recessed in the nut and becomes threaded as the nut is stewed on the bolt causing a tight grip|
D.
through slots are made at top and a cotter-pin is passed through these and a hole in the bolt, and cotter pin splitted and bent in reverse direction at other end